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Tilman
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/* Copyright (c) 2006 Google Inc.
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*
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* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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* You may obtain a copy of the License at
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*
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* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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*
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* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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* limitations under the License.
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*/
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package sample.gbase.basic;
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import java.io.BufferedReader;
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import java.io.IOException;
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import java.io.InputStream;
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import java.io.InputStreamReader;
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import java.io.OutputStream;
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import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
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import java.net.MalformedURLException;
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import java.net.URL;
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import java.net.URLEncoder;
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import java.util.StringTokenizer;
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/**
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* Update a Google Base data item using the Google Base data API server.
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*/
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public class UpdateExample {
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/**
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* URL of the authenticated customer feed.
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*/
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private static final String ITEMS_FEED = "http://base.google.com/base/feeds/items";
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/**
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* The data item we are going to insert, in XML/Atom format.
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*/
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private static final String DATA_ITEM =
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"<?xml version='1.0'?>\n" +
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"<entry xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'\n" +
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" xmlns:g='http://base.google.com/ns/1.0'>\n" +
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" <g:item_type type='text'>testrecipes</g:item_type>\n" +
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" <title type='text'>Fabulous cheese cake</title>\n" +
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" <content type='xhtml'>All that you need is lots of patience.</content>\n" +
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"</entry>";
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/**
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* The updated data item, in XML/Atom format. It adds an additional label to
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* <code>DATA_ITEM</code>.
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*/
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private static final String NEW_DATA_ITEM =
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"<?xml version='1.0'?>\n" +
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"<entry xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'\n" +
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" xmlns:g='http://base.google.com/ns/1.0'>\n" +
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" <g:item_type type='text'>testrecipes</g:item_type>\n" +
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" <title type='text'>Yummy cheese cake</title>\n" +
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" <content type='xhtml'>All that you need is lots of patience.</content>\n" +
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" <g:main_ingredient type='text'>cheese</g:main_ingredient>\n" +
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"</entry>";
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/**
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* URL used for authenticating and obtaining an authentication token.
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* More details about how it works:
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* <code>http://code.google.com/apis/accounts/AuthForInstalledApps.html<code>
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*/
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private static final String AUTHENTICATION_URL =
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"https://www.google.com/accounts/ClientLogin";
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/**
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* Fill in your Google Account email here.
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*/
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private static final String EMAIL = "";
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/**
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* Fill in your Google Account password here.
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*/
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private static final String PASSWORD = "";
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/**
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* The main method constructs an <code>UpdateExample</code> instance,
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* obtains an authorization token, posts a new item to Google Base, extracts
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* the new item's id from the reponse and uses it to update the item.
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*/
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public static void main(String[] args)
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throws MalformedURLException, IOException {
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UpdateExample updateExample = new UpdateExample();
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String token = updateExample.authenticate();
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System.out.println("Obtained authorization token: " + token);
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System.out.println("Posting item:\n" + DATA_ITEM);
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String itemUrl = updateExample.extractItemUrlFromResponse(
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updateExample.postItem(token));
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System.out.println("Updating item: " + itemUrl);
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String updateResponse = updateExample.updateItem(token, itemUrl);
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System.out.println(updateResponse);
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}
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/**
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* Retrieves the authentication token for the provided set of credentials.
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* @return the authorization token that can be used to access authenticated
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* Google Base data API feeds
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*/
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public String authenticate() {
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// create the login request
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String postOutput = null;
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try {
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URL url = new URL(AUTHENTICATION_URL);
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postOutput = makeLoginRequest(url);
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} catch (IOException e) {
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System.out.println("Could not connect to authentication server: "
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+ e.toString());
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System.exit(1);
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}
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// Parse the result of the login request. If everything went fine, the
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// response will look like
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// HTTP/1.0 200 OK
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// Server: GFE/1.3
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// Content-Type: text/plain
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// SID=DQAAAGgA...7Zg8CTN
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// LSID=DQAAAGsA...lk8BBbG
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// Auth=DQAAAGgA...dk3fA5N
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// so all we need to do is look for "Auth" and get the token that comes after it
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StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(postOutput, "=\n ");
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String token = null;
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while (tokenizer.hasMoreElements()) {
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if (tokenizer.nextToken().equals("Auth")) {
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if (tokenizer.hasMoreElements()) {
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token = tokenizer.nextToken();
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}
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break;
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}
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}
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if (token == null) {
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System.out.println("Authentication error. Response from server:\n" + postOutput);
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System.exit(1);
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}
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return token;
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}
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/**
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* Parse the POST XML response returned by <code>insertResponse</code> and
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* extract the Google Base item id of the newly created item. To keep parsing
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* simple, we assume that the first "id" tag contains the Atom item id; this
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* is true for the Google Base data API servers, but it's not enforced by Atom -
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* see how the title is parsed in {@link QueryExample2}
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* @param insertResponse the response sent by the Google Base data API server
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* after the insert operation
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* @return the Url that identifies the item, for example: <code>
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* http://base.google.com/base/feeds/items/18020038538902937385</code>
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*/
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public String extractItemUrlFromResponse(String insertResponse) {
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int startIndex = insertResponse.indexOf("<id>") + 4;
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int endIndex = insertResponse.indexOf("</id>");
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String itemUrl = insertResponse.substring(startIndex, endIndex);
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return itemUrl;
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}
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/**
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* Inserts <code>DATA_ITEM</code> by making a POST request to
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* <code>ITEMS_FEED<code>.
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* @param token authentication token obtained using <code>authenticate</code>
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* @return the Google Base data API server's insert response
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* @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs while creating/writing/
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* reading the request
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*/
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public String postItem(String token) throws IOException {
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return makeHttpRequest(token, ITEMS_FEED, DATA_ITEM, "POST",
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HttpURLConnection.HTTP_CREATED);
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}
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/**
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* Updates <code>NEW_DATA_ITEM</code> by making a PUT request to
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* <code>itemUrl</code>.
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*
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* @param token authentication token obtained using <code>authenticate</code>
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* @param itemUrl the identifier of the item to update, which has the form
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* <code>ITEMS_URL + "/itemId"</code>
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* @return the Google Base data API server's update response
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* @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs while creating/writing/
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* reading the request
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*/
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public String updateItem(String token, String itemUrl)
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throws MalformedURLException, IOException {
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return makeHttpRequest(token, itemUrl, NEW_DATA_ITEM, "PUT",
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HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK);
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}
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/**
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* Make an Http request to <code>url</code>, using <code>httpMethod</code>,
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* post <code>item</code> and return the response.
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*
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* @param token authentication token obtained using <code>authenticate</code>
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* @param url the identifier of the item to update, which has the form
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* <code>ITEMS_URL + "/itemId"</code>
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* @param item the item to be posted via the request
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* @param httpMethod the httpMethod to use for posting (should be PUT or POST)
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* @param expectedResponseCode the response code returned in case of a
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* successful operation
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* @return the Google Base data API update response
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* @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs while
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* creating/writing/reading the request
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*/
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private String makeHttpRequest(String token, String url, String item,
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String httpMethod, int expectedResponseCode) throws IOException {
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HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection)(new URL(url)).openConnection() ;
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connection.setDoInput(true);
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connection.setDoOutput(true);
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// Set the properties of the connection: the http request method, the
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// content type and the authorization header
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connection.setRequestMethod(httpMethod);
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connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/atom+xml");
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connection.setRequestProperty("Authorization", "GoogleLogin auth=" + token);
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// Post the data item
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OutputStream outputStream = connection.getOutputStream();
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outputStream.write(item.getBytes());
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outputStream.close();
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// Retrieve the output
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int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
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if (responseCode == expectedResponseCode) {
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return toString(connection.getInputStream());
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} else {
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throw new RuntimeException(toString(connection.getErrorStream()));
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}
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}
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/**
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* Makes a HTTP POST request to the provided {@code url} given the provided
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* {@code parameters}. It returns the output from the POST handler as a
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* String object.
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*
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* @param url the URL to post the request
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* @return the output from the server
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* @throws IOException if an I/O exception occurs while
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* creating/writing/reading the request
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*/
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private String makeLoginRequest(URL url)
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throws IOException {
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// Create a login request. A login request is a POST request that looks like
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// POST /accounts/ClientLogin HTTP/1.0
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// Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
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// Email=johndoe@gmail.com&Passwd=north23AZ&service=gbase&source=Insert Example
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// Open connection
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HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
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// Set properties of the connection
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urlConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
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urlConnection.setDoInput(true);
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urlConnection.setDoOutput(true);
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urlConnection.setUseCaches(false);
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urlConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",
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"application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
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// Form the POST parameters
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StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();
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content.append("Email=").append(URLEncoder.encode(EMAIL, "UTF-8"));
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content.append("&Passwd=").append(URLEncoder.encode(PASSWORD, "UTF-8"));
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content.append("&source=").append(URLEncoder.encode("Google Base data API example", "UTF-8"));
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content.append("&service=").append(URLEncoder.encode("gbase", "UTF-8"));
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OutputStream outputStream = urlConnection.getOutputStream();
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outputStream.write(content.toString().getBytes("UTF-8"));
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outputStream.close();
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// Retrieve the output
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int responseCode = urlConnection.getResponseCode();
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InputStream inputStream;
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if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
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inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
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} else {
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inputStream = urlConnection.getErrorStream();
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}
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return toString(inputStream);
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}
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/**
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* Writes the content of the input stream to a <code>String<code>.
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*/
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private String toString(InputStream inputStream) throws IOException {
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String lineToRead;
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StringBuilder outputBuilder = new StringBuilder();
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if (inputStream != null) {
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BufferedReader reader =
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new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "UTF-8"));
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while (null != (lineToRead = reader.readLine())) {
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outputBuilder.append(lineToRead).append('\n');
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}
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}
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return outputBuilder.toString();
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}
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}
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